kīpuka – hiver 2023 – numéro 1

Au sommaire :

• L’actualité éruptive du premier trimestre 2023
  

  Le réveil du Kīlauea, avec un beau lac de lave perché ; les nuées ardentes du Merapi ; les questions des scientifiques islandais sur la fonte précoce de la glace de l’Askja ; plusieurs éruptions sous-marines ayant donné lieu à de belles images satellite…

• L’actualité scientifique du premier trimestre 2023
  

  Une étude de la morphologie de l’Etna qui montre que le volcan a changé de point culminant, gagnant 20 mètres ; une étude faisant un lien entre baisse du niveau marin et activité volcanique à Hawaï ; les effets atmosphériques de l’éruption du Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai… On évoque également les forages qui viennent d’être effectués à Santorin par le programme IODP.

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  Ogburn, S. E., Charlton, D., Norgaard, D., Wright, H. M., Calder, E. S., Lindsay, J., Ewert, J., Takarada, S., & Tajima, Y. (2023). The Volcanic Hazard Maps Database: an initiative of the IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk. Journal of Applied Volcanology, 12(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-022-00128-9

  Ganci, G., Cappello, A., & Neri, M. (2022). Data Fusion for Satellite-Derived Earth Surface: The 2021 Topographic Map of Etna Volcano. Remote Sensing, 15(1), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010198

  Druitt, T., Kutterolf, S., & Höfig, T. W. (2022). Expedition 398 Scientific Prospectus: Hellenic Arc Volcanic Field (Vol. 398). International Ocean Discovery Program. https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.398.2022

  Jicha, B. R., Garcia, M. O., & Lormand, C. (2023). A possible sea-level fall trigger for the youngest rejuvenated volcanism in Hawaiʻi. GSA Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36615.1

  Malaguti, A. B., Branca, S., Speranza, F., Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Renzulli, A. (2023). Age of the Valle del Bove formation and chronology of the post-collapse flank eruptions, Etna volcano (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 434, 107752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107752

  Jenkins, S., Smith, C., Allen, M., & Grainger, R. (2023). Tonga eruption increases chance of temporary surface temperature anomaly above 1.5 °C. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01568-2

  Dualeh, E. W., Ebmeier, S. K., Wright, T. J., Poland, M. P., Grandin, R., Stinton, A. J., Camejo-Harry, M., Esse, B., & Burton, M. (2023). Rapid pre-explosion increase in dome extrusion rate at La Soufrière, St. Vincent quantified from synthetic aperture radar backscatter. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 603, 117980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117980
• L’éruption : Kīlauea, 2018
  

  On fait le point sur l’éruption du Kīlauea en 2018, la plus importante — et destructrice — des 200 dernières années dans la zone de rift est du volcan. Le combat entre Pelé (déesse du volcan) et sa sœur Nāmaka (déesse de la mer) lors de l’arrivée de la lave dans l’océan crée les impressionnants panaches de vapeur en couverture de la revue. On discute aussi de surprenantes interactions entre cette éruption et le climat de Big Island.

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• Lutter contre la lave : c’est possible !
  

  En écho à l’éruption de Kīlauea, le dossier du trimestre est consacré à la lutte contre les coulées de lave. On passe en revue les diverses techniques employées pour essayer de dévier ou stopper les coulées : brèche, barrage, bombardement et arrosage. Avec des exemples de tentatives — pas toujours fructueuses — à l’appui, en Italie, en Islande, à Hawaï…

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  11052882 K7VQ96K5 1 apa 50 default 1 title 1 11813 https://uncailloudanslapoche.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

  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  Broyles, B. (2019). Loyal Loner: The Life of Ronald L. Ives, Southwest Geographer. Journal of the Southwest, 61(2).

  Bertsch, Hans., & Bertsch, H. (2010). Las Conchas Azules (The Blue Shells): Father Kino, abalones, and the Island of California. The Nautilus, 124, 188–191.

  Gutmann, J. T., Turrin, B. D., & Dohrenwend, J. C. (2000). Basaltic rocks from the Pinacate Volcanic Field yield notably young ⁴⁰ Ar/ ³⁹ Ar ages. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 81(4), 33. https://doi.org/10.1029/00EO00018

  Ives, R. L. (1942). The Discovery of Pinacate Volcano. The Scientific Monthly, 54(3), 230–237.
• Cotopaxi, de Frederic Edwin Church
  

  Dans la rubrique « L’image », on s’intéresse à un tableau du peintre américain Frederic Edwin Church représentant le volcan équatorien Cotopaxi. Inspiré par les récits de Humboldt, Church voyagea en Équateur, où il puisa la matière de son chef-d’œuvre Heart of the Andes. Sa vision paisible du Cotopaxi, peinte en 1855, contraste avec une autre vue de volcan (peinte en 1862) dont l’éruption furieuse symbolise la guerre civile américaine.

  11052882 BHAD7SBR 1 apa 50 default 1 title 1 11813 https://uncailloudanslapoche.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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  Mothes, P. A., & Vallance, J. W. (2015). Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador. In J. F. Shroder & P. Papale (Eds.), Volcanic Hazards, Risks and Disasters (pp. 141–168). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X

  Humboldt, A. vonon (1769-1859). (1855). Cosmos : Essai d’une description physique du Monde. Gide et J. Baudry.
• L’oiseau qui pond sous la cendre volcanique
  

  Les environnements volcaniques peuvent constituer des habitats privilégiés pour certaines espèces. Comme le mégapode, seul oiseau à ne pas couver ses œufs ! Au Vanuatu, en Indonésie ou dans les îles Tonga, plusieurs espèces de mégapodes profitent de la chaleur des sols volcaniques pour incuber leurs œufs.

  11052882 MRFBRYDX 1 apa 50 default 1 title 1 11813 https://uncailloudanslapoche.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

  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  O’Brien, M., Beaumont, D. J., Peacock, M. A., Hills, R., & Edwin, H. (2003). The Vanuatu Megapode Megapodius layardi, monitoring and conservation. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

  Argeloo, M., & Dekker, R. W. R. J. (1996). Exploitation of megapode eggs in indonesia: the role of traditional methods in the conservation of megapodes. Oryx, 30(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300021396

  Jones, D. N., Dekker, R. W. R. J., & Roselaar, C. S. (with Perlo, B. van). (1995). The Megapodes: Megapodiidae (First Edition). Oxford University Press.

  Lloyd, H., Torres-Sovero, C., & Faka’osi, S. (2011). Conservation Strategy for the Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii on Niuafo’ou, Tonga.
• Pourquoi les volcans sont-ils plus grands sur Mars ?
  

  Pour finir, on répond à la question suivante : pourquoi les volcans sont-ils plus grands sur Mars ? Les volcans martiens atteignent des altitudes fabuleuses : Olympus Mons (21,3 km), Ascraeus Mons (18,2 km), Arsia Mons (17,8 km), Pavonis Mons (14,1 km), Elysium Mons (14,1 km). Tectonique, pesanteur, glaciation… Différents facteurs contrôlent la hauteur des montagnes.

  11052882 64YSPPNS 1 apa 50 default 1 title 1 11813 https://uncailloudanslapoche.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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